o Part XIV of the Constitution of India deals with Services under The
Union and The State.
o Article 309 empowers the Parliament and the State legislature to regulate the
recruitment, and conditions of service of persons appointed, to public services and posts in connection
with the affairs of the Union or of any State respectively.
o According to Article 310, except for the provisions provided by the
Constitution, a civil servant of the Union works at the pleasure of the
President and a civil servant under a State works at the pleasure of the
Governor of that State (English doctrine of Pleasure).
o Article 311 puts certain restrictions on the absolute power of the President
or Governor for dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of an officer.
o Article 311 (1) says that no government employee either of an all India service or a state government shall be dismissed or removed by an
authority subordinate to the own that appointed him/her.
o Article 311 (2) says that no civil servant shall be dismissed or removed
or reduced in rank except after an inquiry in which s/he has been informed of the charges and given a
reasonable opportunity of being heard in respect of those charges.
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